Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) GCSE Food Technology Practice Exam

The process of completely eliminating pathogenic bacteria is known as sterilization. This method involves the use of various techniques, such as heat, chemicals, or radiation, to destroy all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Sterilization is essential in settings where the highest level of hygiene is required, such as in medical facilities and laboratories, to prevent infection.

Sanitation, disinfection, and cleaning are related but involve different levels of microbial control. Sanitation typically refers to reducing the number of microorganisms to safe levels, disinfection eliminates most harmful microorganisms but may not kill all spores, and cleaning is the process of removing dirt, food residues, and some microorganisms but does not specifically target pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, sterilization is the most comprehensive method for ensuring complete elimination of these harmful pathogens.