What is the main consequence of a prolonged vitamin deficiency?

Prolonged vitamin deficiency can lead to health complications because vitamins are essential nutrients that play crucial roles in various bodily functions. Each vitamin supports different aspects of health, such as immune function, energy production, cell repair, and overall well-being. When the body does not receive adequate quantities of specific vitamins over an extended period, it can manifest in various health issues, including weakened immune response, poor metabolic function, and increased susceptibility to diseases.

For instance, a deficiency in Vitamin C can lead to scurvy, which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, gum disease, and skin issues. A lack of Vitamin D can result in bone problems like rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults. Without sufficient vitamins, the body's systems cannot function optimally, leading to a range of complications that could become severe if left unaddressed.

The other options are not applicable as they suggest outcomes not directly associated with a deficiency in vitamins. Improved health and overnutrition imply an excess of nutrients rather than a lack of them, while weight gain typically pertains to caloric surplus rather than vitamin deficiency. Thus, the presence of health complications directly correlates with extended periods of inadequate vitamin intake.