What is the main difference between organic and conventional farming?

The main distinction between organic and conventional farming lies in the use of inputs and methods for crop production. Organic farming is characterized by its strict avoidance of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. This practice emphasizes the use of natural alternatives for pest control and soil fertility management, promoting a more sustainable approach to agriculture that safeguards environmental health and reduces chemical residues in food.

On the other hand, conventional farming does not have the same restrictions and may utilize synthetic pesticides and fertilizers to enhance crop yield and combat pests. This difference fundamentally defines each farming method's practices and philosophies regarding agricultural sustainability, biodiversity, and food safety.

The other choices highlight misconceptions about the farming practices. Option A, regarding water usage, does not accurately capture the essential difference. While water management practices may vary, it is not a defining characteristic of organic versus conventional farming. Option B inaccurately states that conventional farming avoids synthetic inputs, which contradicts the established practices of conventional systems. Option D suggests that conventional farming relies purely on natural methods, which is incorrect as it actively uses synthetic inputs. Therefore, option C provides the correct distinction as it accurately reflects the principles behind organic and conventional farming practices.